Li Jian: Hotel energy conservation and environmental protection must go on the road

2021-04-25

(Maidian Wangwang Wangyan) On October 10th, the “2014 China Hotel Industry Design and Renovation Conference and Purchasing Conference” hosted by the China Hotel Association Design and Decoration Committee was grandly opened at the Shanghai Greenland Marriott Hotel.

The theme of the conference focused on investment transformation, quality improvement and efficiency improvement was undertaken by Beijing Tongda Jianxun Company. Wanda, Jinmao, Greenland, Poly, Baolong, Starwood, Hilton, Intercontinental, Meigao, Jindian, Jinjiang, Jinling, Kaiyuan, etc. More than 100 hotel investors, management parties, more than 30 design and decoration companies The representative attended the meeting.

Li Jian, deputy chief engineer of the Institute of Urban Planning and Design of Tsinghua University, gave a speech on the theme of “hotel energy conservation and environmental protection should go the way”. He believes that energy conservation and environmental protection are the eternal issues of the hotel. There are many ways to build this topic. Way, but you must take the right path.

The following is a textual record:

Good afternoon everyone, thank you to the hotel association for giving another opportunity to communicate here. In fact, I have been working in the hotel for 27 years. Here, I would like to express my deep respect to the colleagues who have remained firmly in the post in this industry.

My topic is that the hotel should go on the right path to energy conservation and environmental protection. How can we take the right path? We must first stand on the right path and look for the right direction to move forward.

Let's see what is a restaurant? The hotel has a feature that must be characterized by architecture and earned by providing services. The characteristics of the hotel building, equipment, personnel intensive, complex business, so it is more difficult in energy-saving emission reduction, different standards of star-rated hotel operation and management methods are different, so complex and energy-saving potential is also great. Its energy consumption is much higher than that of ordinary buildings, which is 8-10 times higher than that of ordinary buildings, but its heating load is less than other buildings.

Why do we want to save energy? First of all, operators have to save money. If they leave the money, there is no motivation. We have to provide money-saving buildings and worry about energy shortage. This is energy security at the government level. Everyone knows that China’s oil is more than 50%. It is imported and goes to the Straits of Malacca. If there is a conflict, our country's economy will have a great impact. There is also a personal image. When we check it out, it will be better if we do a good social image. The other is to accept energy-saving advice, compete with others, comply with social norms, improve the quality of life, and satisfy the sense of accomplishment.

I came out from Beijing yesterday and received a WeChat in the morning, saying that I opened my curtains and thought that I was blind. I couldn’t see the dog when I walked the dog. I observed this way. After the arrival of Anhui, the haze weather has just improved a bit. It may be 60 or 70 in the same area. In some areas, it has already been 400, and the pollution is very serious. In addition, just now we talked about Beijing's land economy. The high development of real estate has brought great influence to the hotel industry. The problems brought by us are first of all design problems. When we talk about design issues, especially when it comes to electromechanical design. There are a lot of them, but in the design of the hotel, we have made great progress in decoration design and architectural design, but the mechanical and electrical design is still very conservative. There are a lot of problems in the system, the design is rough, and the design is small, and the design is big. In the construction stage, I have seen more than 200 hotels in China in the past 3 years, and I have to look at the hotel from the lowest point to the highest point. The construction is basically not qualified, and the qualifications are basically not working. It is impossible to find a second package at the construction site, and the low price is won. I talked to many management directors about their feelings. The indoor environment was not good when the test was run.

The traditional management model is difficult to achieve the best combination, and new technologies and new materials are getting better and better. We have a lot of new technologies in the booth today, and some people have revealed good information when introducing new materials. In addition, I have learned about the hotels in Beijing. In fact, no one can say that the Chinese hotel industry is large. Only the Public Security Bureau and the Industrial and Commercial Bureau can make it clear that the satellite map of Beijing and the red dot are all hotels. The scale of this hotel. Density may rank among the top in the world. The People's Bank of China and other banks have their own training centers. China Tobacco and major state-owned enterprises will have them. They are not called hotels, training centers or party schools. The scale is dozens or hundreds. This volume is not counted. Actually. It is a hotel.

The concept of a green hotel is healthy, safe and low-carbon. It's not light energy saving. If a hotel is safe, it will no longer have green features. This was an interview with the Oriental Daily News in 2009, saying that Beijing has a lot of high-rise buildings, and basically few energy-saving technologies are used, including those with the highest and the highest in the future. There are many hidden dangers, not to mention a few stars, even if it is five stars, the problem is very serious. Environmentally friendly technologies are rarely used, which is a problem in our building system. If a hotel has a problem, who is at fault? Our family lives in Chaoyang District, Beijing. In the second half of last year, there were 21 casualties in the Chaoyang District fire. In fact, this number is not limited. Let’s take a look at the elevator accident. This is the statistics of the National Security Agency. The proportion of casualties per million units in China and the developed countries of the European Union has recently been squeezed to death. Two other guests have died. We are reforming and opening up. I have done a lot of hotel preparations for so many years. When the construction was completed, the installation of the elevator was very strict. The price of the reform and opening up in the past 30 years has risen by many times. The elevator has no price increase, so there are many elevator accidents. There is a reason. The common electromechanical problems in the construction of domestic high-star hotels, electromechanical called civil engineering, decoration, infrastructure integration, the design stage to meet the national mandatory standards, the lack of research on new technologies, low-cost bidding during renovation, pay more attention to project schedule and renovation costs. Design has the largest proportion, followed by construction quality. We can only work hard on the operation and people's behavior. If these two are perfect, they can achieve 10%, no cost or low cost. Energy saving What are we in now? Energy saving and energy saving, no equipment, sacrificing comfort, your energy accounts for 5% of income, 5% or 45%, and it has nothing to do with energy saving ratio. Generally, domestic five-star hotels basically account for more than 10% of energy, and international brands generally have 4-5%. Beijing's 26 five-star hotels, its energy consumption gap is big, our data is per square meter, because the hotel function is the same, pure physical indicators, we suddenly found that the green is so low, the red is so high, the difference is so big, yellow Put it there, we have to find the problem when saving energy, grab the two ends and put the middle, we think the middle is relatively reasonable. If you are tall, you must know where the height is, and where the low is low. Green is basically a domestic five-star brand. Why? It does not open a new wind, and the proportion of new wind energy consumption accounts for 40% in air conditioners. Where is the high? The highest energy consumption is more than 3 points, and the house price is 4,000 yuan. The reason why the low is low and low, the lowest Beijing Westin, has won the green recognition of the China Hotel Industry Association and the National Federation of Trade Unions for several years, and has done very well. Every square meter is less than 100, that is, it basically consumes four stars. But for five-star service, we look at the average value of 166, the elevation value is 98, and the energy saving potential is 40%. This hotel renovation basically does not cost money.

What is the ultimate goal of hotel energy efficiency? Improve energy efficiency or reduce energy consumption? The US Green Building Standard has been certified by many developers in China, but we have found that the buildings with profit certification are not energy efficient. We used to learn with Americans. They are teachers. We are students. But the Chinese have surpassed the United States in some concepts and systems. We must have a deep understanding of the building, we must know its use characteristics and operation methods and service needs. This is 11 key hotels in Shanghai. Let's take a look at the potential of the cold station. The energy saving of the car says that the fuel consumption is 100 kilometers. It is not how much you earn and how much you buy. We press this ratio. Air conditioning system We call COP value, we can make a benchmark, if we run well, we can do 5.16 COP, spend 1 kilowatt of electricity to transport 5 kilowatts of energy, only 10 hotels in 10 hotels have reached the general level. But according to this analysis, if we let it enter a good state, the energy saving potential of 11 hotels is 36%, 36% of the total number of nodes is 26.17 million kilowatts, and we are charged more than 20 million yuan per year for an average of 9 cents. Domestic hot water, saying how many tons are not reasonable, the water temperature is not the same, we calculate the calorific value, Shanghai hotel average 232MJ per room per day.

In many cases, our decision makers have less information, insufficient technical knowledge, insufficient market, and conceptual barriers. Operators focus on short-term behavior and lack of crisis awareness. We have to break these ideas because the general manager has one of the most important tasks, first of all to complete the turnover. We must understand action learning. In action, we must understand where our past problems are. Westerners say that we in the East are making rapid progress, we will imitate, but we are not good at observing, reflecting, and summing up experience. Westerners always use data to speak. We have rarely summed up for a lifetime. This is our flaw. We will improve in the future. When the owners put in a hotel, they are very entangled. To face such problems, its resources are not enough. China's basic national policy, saving resources and controlling population. So many problems can't be solved, but the hotel's energy-saving management is the premise. We know that design is the most important issue, and we must solve key problems to improve quality, reduce costs, and protect the environment. We talked about the problem of sound insulation in the morning, and the latter is to use green and natural technology to do green. We build the identity of different people in a hotel. When our owners build a hotel, the first consideration is the budget, the second consideration cycle, and the bank loan must be completed within the period. Will put the quality behind, because I can't take it. But for consultants, first consider the time. The consultant is not willing to drag the time too long in a project, but also pays attention to quality, because he has to bear the responsibility and the budget does not matter. But the hotel management company will put the quality first, because it manages, if there is no good quality, there is no way to reach a service standard. The time requirement is not high, and the budget is less demanding because he is not the owner.

How to communicate with different identities? It is necessary to convey effective information. One of our owners wants to be a top-notch product. The Chinese rich are not more than a car, but a hotel with more brands. From shareholder strategic investment to construction phase objectives to operational management to information, the owner wants to say 100% when transmitting information, but the expression ability is unclear, 80% is spoken, 60% is heard, and 40% is understood. In actual operation, from the master of strategy, to the design institute to the migrant workers, they are all creative homes, giving you cut corners. The final acceptance was opened, and then it was very troublesome. In this process, we must communicate well. Our owners and operators are asking for money, quality, short cycle, and easy use. Is the international brand electromechanical standard reasonable? why? Because there are too many new technologies, many of their standards are constant standards for many years. We also asked foreign management groups, they said that it was the same, and the same problem. How to save energy? Three cuts and two optimization. Cut the total installed capacity, cut excess systems, and cut the number of equipment. Optimize energy structure and optimize energy allocation. Let's take a look at the hotel's domestic hot water system. The pipeline loss is 30%, and the running loss is 50%. In addition, we asked the design institute. When you design the plan, do you know who is using the energy in the hotel? Do you know when to use it? Do you know what the standard is? Basically, I don’t know, we have to sort out that the hotel is used in such places, and the time and standards are different. We can do a statistical table, why not do this analysis? Because designers do not understand management requirements, if we design according to this demand, it will be more reasonable and more reasonable. If a point-to-point system is adopted, our pipeline system is gone, whether the investment is reduced, the operation is reasonable, and the place is used. If there is a separate system, there is no way to adjust the hotel's occupancy rate of 20%. In response to this problem, we made a plan last year. The gas cost is different in different cities. The south is very expensive. We save money and which cost is low to which system to run. We feel that this is more suitable, so the energy consumption is low and low? At least 30-50%. The magnetic suspension module cold machine can be used in high-rise buildings without decompression, which floor is divided, and the room area is reduced a lot. We know that the area of ​​commercial buildings is very valuable. If we reduce the size of our equipment room, the system will work more smoothly.

We talked about the Shanghai Xijiao Hotel and Shanghai Holiday Hotel in the morning. This traditional cold machine is a centrifuge. The 100% load is not a lot. Its COP value is much higher than the traditional one. The efficiency of this cold machine is now The world's number one, has surpassed foreign brands. However, many management groups are not willing to accept Chinese brands, and Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology is opening a meeting in the past two days. Our system installation is basically for you to debug, the cold wind has been given to you, do not do all kinds of water balance debugging, the system energy consumption is very high. Many of our projects have done frequency conversion. When we are studying the cooling tower, the cooling tower has the lowest technical content and the highest potential for improvement. Why? All the manufacturers that produce air-conditioners are equipped with other people's towers. When the manufacturers make them, the water is relatively large. How to solve this problem? We go to the scene to check, and then help a piece of debugging, using reasonable methods to operate, is also a popular topic in the world. Energy-saving technology is the conditional management is the guarantee, energy management is a new field, and there are saving materials.

We have just talked about technology and equipment, and there are systems, processes, organizations and cultures. This is the hotel organization we designed, whether a hotel energy-saving success depends on the attitude of the general manager. Foreign countries said that the general manager was pushed to the front line of energy conservation, and he did not support you and could not do well. This energy-saving organization is quite special, and the catering department is separated before and after. Why? This is separate in our hotel management, the catering director can't manage it, and the chef is the most difficult to manage. Grasping these departments, the engineering department is a big head, and through a publicity training, inspection system evaluation, a system supports us.

How do organizations and regulated management do things? First, develop a management system, set target indicators, assessment indicators, prepare documents, regularly summarize and follow up, and accept annual inspections. Energy saving is conditional. This is the curve of the freezer. This is the curve of Guangdong Province. In Foshan or Dongguan, it may not be possible to open the cold machine in October, but Shenzhen can't. When to save energy, this is the potential for energy savings. When the load is full in August, we must ensure that we buckle the blue and red. This is the energy-saving target direction and energy-saving space. We must first consider our indicator system to find out the unreasonable energy use parts. The third step is to find out which equipment is unreasonable. According to this idea, one by one, and finally tap the potential of energy. In addition, there is no best technology for energy saving, only the best for you. We are divided into five climatic zones in China. Each climatic zone has different characteristics. We must adapt to local conditions and do not use more technology to pursue energy conservation. We use reasonable and matching technologies. There is no change in the climate of Hong Kong and Singapore. China is different. The latitude is so large, and the climate difference is very large. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt to local conditions. In addition, we have combined all the past experience, we have a theoretical basis, this is called hard power, how we manage to call soft power. But there are characteristics of use, we go to research, make it a product, smart machine room. We are going to study in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Chengdu, Chongqing, including the northwest. We accumulate data, and we don't need to be on duty to open the equipment in the future. It is unreasonable to tell you and predict the future energy consumption. We don't want to say that you use energy, but finally depends on how much energy you use. We must first change the environmental quality. When the score is summarized, it depends on the system, your distribution system, and the lighting system. Elevator, your air conditioning system, we look at the score value up to 100. If a good system is called a rose, the rose is open. When we look at the red, the energy consumption index scores high, but its quality score is very low. We see that the quality score of blue is relatively high and the energy consumption index is not low.

How should a reasonable system balance it? We buy equipment to ensure the comfort of the hotel. The hotel is energy-saving four steps. First we change the workflow and save more than 10%. The second step is to adjust the energy structure and change the energy structure unreasonably. Third, improve system efficiency and find unreasonable equipment to improve its efficiency. Fourth, to optimize the electricity consumption time, we are the denominator electricity price, and the electricity consumption at night is less than the electricity consumption during the day.

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